How your experiences of media consumption illustrates wider patterns and trends.

Audiences are changing the way they want to consume – home cinema and downloads versus costly cinema. Identify trends. Examples: Meerkat Movies (synergy), Netflix, LoveFilm, DVD, Blu-Ray, Sky Box Office etc.You have heard about illegal downloads – what problems does this present and what will companies need to do to combat/work with this in future?

You need to be able to discuss…
Production: The making of the film; pre-production and funding; shoot (format); post-production (SFX).
Distribution: The way the film gets to screens; distribution company.
Marketing: The process of raising awareness; targeting an audience; creating publicity through various methods.
Exchange: The point of sale: buying the ticket (online or in person); downloading; receiving a DVD in the post etc.
Exhibition: The way we view; getting the film to a paying audience.
Nature of audience consumption: The different types of ways to watch films; what is the current trend.
Relationships between audiences and institutions: Target audience; how do different types of people watch films and why?

Tracing Media Ownership and what what the other companies do?

Frozen 

1. 
Walt Disney Pictures - made notable films such as -Pirates of the Caribbean Series, Mary Poppins, National Treasure and Into the Woods.  Main Producer of live-action feature films

Owned by The Walt Disney Studios - Divisions Walt Disney Animation Studios, Disney Music Group, Disney Theatrical Group  and Disneynature. Subsidiaries-Pixar Animation Studios, The Muppets Studio and Walt Disney Pictures.

Owned by the Walt Disney Company-  owns Lucasfilm, Marvel Entertainment, Disney-ABC Television Group, Radio Disney and Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Theatrical. Divisions The Walt Disney Studios, Disney Media Networks and DIsney Interactive along with Disney Consumer Products and Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. Revenue from 2014 was $48.813 billion 

2. 
Walt Disney Animation Studios - has a division of DisneyToon Studios. Has made films such as Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Big Hero 6 and Tangled. 

Owned by The Walt Disney Studios - Divisions Walt Disney Animation Studios, Disney Music Group, Disney Theatrical Group  and Disneynature. Subsidiaries-Pixar Animation Studios, The Muppets Studio and Walt Disney Pictures.

Owned by the Walt Disney Company-  owns Lucasfilm, Marvel Entertainment, Disney-ABC Television Group, Radio Disney and Walt Disney Pictures, Walt Disney Animation Studios, Walt Disney Theatrical. Divisions The Walt Disney Studios, Disney Media Networks and DIsney Interactive along with Disney Consumer Products and Walt Disney Parks and Resorts. Revenue from 2014 was $48.813 billion 

Skyfall 

1.

Eon Productions - best know for producing James Bond films. Is a subsidiary of Danjaq LLC. Has Produced one other film called 'call me Bwana'. 

Owned by Danjaq LLC - owns one company Eon Productions and is mainly known for the James Bond film series. 

2. 

Columbia Pictures - A division of Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group. Has Produced films such as Ghostbusters, The Smurfs and The Amazing Spiderman 

Owned by Columbia TriStar Motion Picture Group - Subsidiaries - 

• Columbia Pictures
• TriStar Pictures
• TriStar Productions
• Screen Gems
• Sony Pictures Classics
• Sony Pictures Releasing

Owned by Sony Pictures Entertainment which is a subsidiary of Sony with a revenue of $8 billion 

Creates products through 

Motion pictures

Television Production
Television Syndication
Online games
Mobile Entertainment
Video on demand
Digital distribution

Who has produced films such as - Annie (2014), Chappie and Grown Ups 2

Owned by Sony - Which has many different subsidiaries for the film and television industry through production and distribution 

• Sony Pictures Entertainment, including:
• Sony Pictures Home Entertainment
• Sony Pictures Television
• Sony Pictures Digital
• Mandalay Entertainment 
• Phoenix Pictures 
• Sony Pictures Entertainment Japan 

Its revenue in 2014 was  ¥7.767 trillion 

Terminology

Connotation - what is suggested 
Denotation- what is actually seen 
Example - in the shot an empty wine bottle has been denoted, this connotes that the character has drunk it all and may be drunk.  

Realistic - things appearing to be real, use with reference to a character. 
Verisimilitude-things appearing to be real, does the storyline appear real or as if it could be real.

High Production Value -Does it look expensive 
Low Production Value - Does it look cheap

Narrative - not the story, how the story is constructed 
Story- Everything reduced to the bare essentials
Linear Narrative - told in chronological order


Editing 
Parallel Editing - when 2 separate scenes are filmed at the same time and are then cut together to flip from one scene to the other and back again.  

Pace of Editing 
Slow Pace - more relaxed seems calmer 
Fast Pace - gains to tension and builds tension 

Screen Time - the longer the character is on the screen the more important they are. 

Shot-reverse-shot- can allow a naturally flow to the conversation or can show relationship  or reactions. Can help contrast the character through attitude and costuming. 

Continuity Editing - is when it flows, where it appears to be natural. - can be linked to verisimilitude. 

Montage editing - a series of unconnected shot that are placed together. 

“Synergy is vital processes in the successful marketing of media products to audiences.” To what extent do you agree with this statement in relation to your chosen media area? Essay Plan

Essay Plan

Introduction 
- Synergy is when different parts of a media conglomerate work together to promote a film across different media 
- Synergy works when different elements within a media conglomerate promote linked products (film, soundtrack, video games) 
- Larger effect if more than one product is relaxed together
-Marketing - not synergy as its not 2 media companies working together

Conglomerate Case Study 
Disney - Frozen 
Budget - $150 million 
Box Office $1.274 billion 
6th highest grossing film of all time 

- DVD 
-CD (Produced by the Walt Disney Label)
-Frozen Fever (short film)
-Frozen 2 Sequel 
- Merchandise- such as toys, books, dressing up outfits and board games- sold in disney stores. 

- Characters entering ABC's Once Upon A Time (ABC owned by Disney)
- Frozen Disney on Ice Show
-Disney Mobile released Frozen Free Fall on iOS, Android and Windows Phone Platforms 
- DS Games Olafs Quest 
-Being developed into a Musical
- Frozen Characters released for Disney Infinity 
-Frozen Radio Programme 
Columbia (Sony ) Skyfall 
Budget - $150-$200 million 
Box Office - $1.1billion 
-DVD 
-CD (produced by Sony Classical Label) released same day as film in Cinema 
-OPI nail varnish range 
- 007 fragrance 
- 007 Legends (video games) 
- Adeles Skyfall song was released to celebrate 50 years since the first James Bond Film 

Independent Case Study 
iLL Manors 
Budget £100,000
Box Office £450,000
-DVD
-CD Plan B - (released over a month after the film) 
-iLL Manors single - (released 3 months before the film) 
- T-shirt 
-Playing Cards

Comparison/Conclusion 
independent companies will find it harder to use synergy as they do not have access to as many different companies 

New Technologies for Institutions and Audiences

Production 
- Electronic Storyboard - used in preproduction and production, they help the director to visualise what need to be shot and makes it easier to organise the order that scenes need to be filmed in. 
- CGI - Can create films solely form digital hardware and software. Toy Story was the first full CGI film to made and Frozen is the most successful CGI film. 
- iPhones - FIlms such as tangerine were shot completely using  3 iPhone 5S's  
-Digital video cameras - benefit independent film companies for films such as iLL Manors - with a budget of £100,000.

Distribution 
-Web 2.0 allows for digital marketing of films to take place on websites such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube and Website 
-Useful for small companies as the film can be distributed through these websites with very little cost or no cost at all 
-iLL Manors - had a very small marketing budget 
-Digital Distribution also allowed larger companies to use newer and better technologies such as animated posters of characters for example Skyfall used animated posters of James Bond and other key characters to generate more interest in the film. 

Exhibition 

Discuss the issues raised by media ownership in the production, distribution and exchange of media texts in your chosen media area.

Media ownership has created many different issues for conglomerates and independent companies throughout the production, distribution and exchange of the film. There are many advantages and disadvantages for both conglomerates and independent film companies. 

During the production stage of making a film. For a conglomerate there are many advantages and disadvantages. For a conglomerate they won't need to collaborate with other companies as a way in which to secure funding as they will be able to complete the film through vertical integration meaning that the film is secure from the start. A conglomerate can also be more ambitious with films as they can afford to get bigger stars to be in their films, they can travel and film at bigger and better locations and they have better access to special effects and can afford to do more. However disadvantages for conglomerates include the fact that their films have to satisfy a mass market around the globe meaning that they can not take too many risks while making the film as it has to satisfy everyone. As so much money will be spent on a film by a conglomerate it has to make money that the box office otherwise the film will lose the conglomerate a large amount of money. The production stage for independent companies is very different compared to a conglomerate. An independent company only has to satisfy a niche market and can take bigger risks over the content of the film. Also the film doesn't have to make as much at the box office as films the have been produced a conglomerate as the production cost will be less for an independent company's film. However a low production cost can be a disadvantage for independent as the films are less ambitious, with a smaller scale cast, location and often a lack of special effects. Another disadvantage is that independent films have to secure extra funding and finance from other companies, horizontal integration. This can be hard for independent companies as they can not withstand losses at the box office as they do not make many enough money to go through a lose. 

An example of this is iLL Manors and Skyfall. Skayfall was made by a conglomerate this can be seen by the different filming locations in different parts of the world and the number of special effects features the feature with in the film. This is very different to iLL Manors whose filming locations were very low budget and lack special effects show that the film was created by an independent film company as they would have less money to spend on the film. iLL Manors also dealt with very specific content that would be found in certain parts of the UK as it was only aimed at people in the UK however this isn't the case for Skyfall as they couldn't afford to take risks like that as the film was aimed at a worldwide audience.  

During a distribution a large advantage for independent companies is that the marketing of a  film can now be done with a very small budget as it can be marketed through sties like Twitter and Facebook for no cost at all however there are many disadvantages for independent companies because the marketing campaign has to be targeted at specific people because there is not enough money to make the campaign for everyone. They have to persuade other people to market their film and this isn't easy because the companies will be unsure if they will make money from promoting the film. The advantages are very different for conglomerates, they make up a large part of the market meaning that they can spend more money and have better links to related companies, for example Sony Pictures entertainment is a production company, and Sony Pictures distribute the film before it can be viewed on Sony Platforms. Conglomerate will find it easier to use synergy and cross media convergence to help promote to the film through things such as games and soundtracks. 

iLL Manors benefited from the fact that it could be marketed for free through social media as it had a very small distribution budget as it was such a small budget film compared to Skyfall , a conglomerate film, which had a large marketing campaign shows the difference between the types for marketing that both independent companies and conglomerates as they can both afford different things. Skyfall also used synergy as a way in which to help promote the film through many different types of products whereas for iLL Manors didn't use synergy and only had a CD released along with it, the lack of synergy could have been because the independent film companies don't have the same contacts as conglomerates.  

During the exhibition process there is one main advantage for conglomerates as it will be easier to get there films in to the cinema and on sites such as Netflix as the marketing campaign will have been so big for the film that a large established audience would have been attracted to the film meaning that the companies would earn more money, this is a disadvantage for independent companies because the marketing campaign is much smaller and less people will know about the film and know to go and see it meaning that the exhibition may not make very much money meaning they may not see the point in spending money to get the film if they are not going to make any money from it.

To conclude media ownership benefits both conglomerates and independent film companies however for both there are also many disadvantages. There are equal advantages and disadvantages for production, distribution and exhibition of the process of getting the film to camera to the audience. 

Discuss the issues raised by media ownership in the production, distribution and exchange of media texts in your chosen media area.(Institutions and Audiences) Plan

Introduction

Production

Advantages 

Conglomerate - won't need to collaborate to secure funding (vertical integration). Can be more ambitious with films getting bigger stars, have more special effects and are able to travel to bigger and better locations. 

Independent- Only has to satisfy a niche market and can take bigger risks over the content of the film. (iLL Manors not relatable to everyone). Film doesn't have to do as well at the box office as a conglomerate film as production value is less 

Disadvantages 

Conglomerate- Film has to satisfy a mass market and creatively film makers cannot take as many risks as so many large companies to satisfy and revenue to achieve. The film has to do well at the box office 

Independent - Less budget so films will less ambitious with a smaller scale cast, location and special effects. Can't withstand losses at the box office. Have to secure extra funding and finance (horizontal integration) 

Case Study - iLL Manors vs Skyfall

Distribution

Advantages 

Conglomerate - Sheer size and power in the industry - more money and better links to related companies. E.g. Sony Pictures Entertainment (production companies) and Sony Picture (distributors ) and Sony Platforms to exhibit the film. Can use synergy and cross convergence through games and soundtracks 

Independent - Can be done with a very small budget through social media such as Facebook and Twitter

Disadvantages 

Conglomerate- Film has to satisfy a mass market and creatively film makers cannot take as many risks as so many large companies to satisfy and revenue to achieve

Independent - Marketing has to be targeted as there is less money spent on distribution campaign. Film is expected to make less revenue at the box office. Have to persuade other people to help promote their film as they don't have as many contacts as conglomerates. 

Case Study - iLL Manors vs Skyfall 

Exhibition

Advantages 

Conglomerate- easier to get film in to the cinema and sites such as Netflix are more likely to buy the film and put it on their sites because of the buzz that has been created about the film and because it is an easy way for the companies to make money 

Independent - 

Disadvantages 

Conglomerate-

Independent - harder to get film in to the cinema and sites such as Netflix are less likely to buy the film and put it on their sites because of less of a buzz  has been created about the film and because it may not make them much money as a film produced by a conglomerate would. 

Case Study- iLL Manors vs Skyfall 

Conclusion

How importance of technological convergence for institutions and audiences?

Plan

Introduction
Technological convergence is the tendency for different technology systems to evolve towards performing similar tasks.  It is when new technologies are created that take over from past technologies and perform in a more sufficient way. An example of technological convergence is an interactive 3D television includes 3D technology, the internet and TV. Technological convergence has emerged throughout the development of digital technology.

Production

Firstly Technological convergence has had a large impact on production companies. Due to development of cheaper more efficient cameras it means that more people can afford to create films and this means that more films are being created. The quality of little cameras has increased meaning that films can now be filmed on many different devices such as smartphones due to the high quality camera and good microphone included within the phone. One example of this is a film called Tangerine which was shot only using the camera on a iPhone 5S, this wouldn't have been possible without technological convergence as it was created the convergence of a phone and a video camera, the film would never have been made without it as the film was filmed on a very low budget and couldn't afford the price of many of the cameras. Technological Convergence has also created the development of bigger and better cameras. iMax cameras have been created purely for viewing in iMax cinemas on iMax screens, these camera are expensive at £1,000,000 each. The dark knight was filmed using these cameras this was done to create a bigger profit margin as people are willing to pay more money to view things at an iMax cinema as it is a different experience. Technological convergence has helped films with a small budget be made, an example of this is Paranormal activity which only spend £10,000 on the whole film meaning they had to use new cheaper technologies and shot the film digitally which would not have been possible. 


Distribution

Secondly Technological convergence has had a large impact on distribution. Technological convergence means that there is now more ways in which films can be marketed. Films can now be marketed in multiple different ways. The most common way to market films is on the internet as it can be constantly accessed by people everywhere as it can be accessed on all smart phones. This means that marketing a film becomes easier as there are now multiple different ways in which films can be marketed. Films can be marketed through the use of social media such as Twitter and Facebook, the fact that films can now be purely marketed through social media is beneficial for small independent film companies because social media is free to access and means that they cost nothing for small companies to use. This is a benefit for films such as ill Manors as they were able to market and promote their film without it costing much money.  One larger change to the marketing process is the use of digital posters rather than the traditional posters however this benefits companies as posters can be frequently changed due to different poster designs and this can be done quickly as the change for digital poster takes just a few seconds to do this makes the job of distributors easier as it means that they time is not wasted taking down the old poster and putting up a new poster, also by using a digital posters they can include interactive features which can be accessed through the use of an app on a smart phone and means that people will become more interested in the film because the poster allows them to access more information about the film and see interviews from the cast, meaning that more people will become interested in the film as they can access it on their phone. Large companies can also benefit from the new ways in which to distributed films as by marketing the film heavily through social media it means that it reaches lots of people very quickly and is a very cheap way in which to market and promote the film meaning that it is saving the production company money and means that more money can be spent on the production of the film.

Exhibition

Technology convergence also effected the exhibition companies because their are now so many different ways in which films can be viewed, at the cinema, through the internet on laptops, tablets and smartphones ,through VoD, on Tv, through DVD and Blu-ray and though games consoles. With the introduction of simultaneous global terminology it means that the opening profit for films will be higher as 

Audience


Conclusion 

Disability Analysis A Touch of Frost

In the first scene disability is represented in many different ways. The scene begins with a long shot and the location of the scene, which is a forest at midnight which makes the character, that the audience assume to be Billy, appear to be suspicious and creates an enigma code for the audience of why is he in the woods a such a late hour?. This represents disability in a very negative way because he is being associated with strange and odd behaviour, the sound also reinforces this because of the eerie sounds that feature in the music suggesting to the audience that something suspicious is going on, the music also reinforces the eeriness of the setting created by the low light used within the scene. The sense of suspiciousness is then continued in to the next shot which is a do on a lead that looks like a police dog this gives the audience even more reason to believe that Billy has done something wrong but it also continues the association between disability and strange  and possibly dangerous behaviour, due to the addition of the police dog to the scene this makes the audience believe that someone with disability may be dangerous and may need to be controlled. A medium shot of the policemen wearing high visibility jackets search the floor with torches has been used to show the audience that it is late at night and that they are looking for something in particular which also reinforces the idea that the first character is doing something suspicious and that he shouldn't have been doing because the police appear to be looking for something in the same area as him. The fact that the police appear to be looking for him reinforces the idea people with disabilities need to be controlled. A tracking shot is used to show Billy walking through the forest completely unaware of the police that are also in the woods. The shot changes to a reaction shot  showing how Billy looks towards the police, this reaction shot has been used to show disability as vulnerable as he appears to be scared of the police and what might happen to him. As the police spot Billy a tracking shot is used showing Billy running aware from the police, this suggests to the audience that Billy has done something wrong and represents people with disability as if they could be dangerous. When a policeman catches up with Billy and tackles him to the ground, this represents disability as being weaker and for needs to be controlled controlled. Once Billy is captured he beings to repeat the words 'I haven't done anything wrong' the fact that he is repeating the words suggests that he is scared and powerless within the situation, this is how disability is begin represented. The representation that people with disability need to be controlled is continued as Billy is pulled up and held by his collar. 

In Scene 2 when Frost appears to be talking to Billy's parents, Detective Frost calls Billy 'Mentally Subnormal' however he is corrected by Billy's father who uses the word 'handicapped' this represents people who are able bodied as being very ignorant towards whose who do have disabilities. Frost goes on to say that he will have to have another person the room so that he doesn't break the rules, this is a negative representation of people with disabilities as it suggests that they are unpredictable and need to be carefully handled. When Billy's mum enters the scene she says Billy will feel better if she is allowed to clean him up. This comments is a negative representation for people with disability because it makes them looks as if they are helpless and this will remind audiences of a small child depending on its mother for everything. The setting of the house gives the audience the sense of homeliness and it helps the audience to understand the kind of life Billy has. The prop of the washing up bowl carried by his mother shows that she is prepared for any situations and truly cares for Billy as she is willing to anything to make sure he is okay. 

In scene 3 when Frost and Billy's father enter the room, Billy's father instantly goes and kneels by the side of Billy and begins talking to him, this reinforces the idea of people with disability being child like and being treated like a child. When Frost begins talk to Billy he kneels down so he his lower than Billy, this action again reinforces the idea that people with disabilities are child like. Billy's body language also adds to the representation of disability as it makes Billy appear confused the is a negative representation of people with disability but also is reinforced by the way that his father explains to him what Frost whats to talk to him about earlier on the scene. The idea that people with disabilities are very child like 
is continued by the way in which Frost talks to Billy by using simplistic language while talking to Billy. Low lighting is used on Billy which makes him look dark and scary and this reinforces the idea that people with disability could be untrustworthy and may have a sinister side and my be untruthful, this is further reinforced by the fact that Billy is not constantly looking Frost in the eye. High key lighting is used when the camera is on Frost which is a contrast with the lighting used on Billy and this represents able bodied people as being trustworthy and genuine which is the complete opposite to the representation of disabled people. Inspector Frost has to ask Billy''s father to explain what Billy has said, this is very similar to what a parent may be asked to do again representing people with disabilities as very child-like and hard to understand. The fact that his father sit behind Billy shows that he is there to support Billy and look after him, he would not be there if Billy was not disabled and this causes a representation of disabled people are un predictable and in need of being controlled and this is the reason that Billy's father is sitting behind him.

Plan for What is the significance of the proliferation of hardware and content for institutions and audiences?

Introduction

Proliferation means to increase or spread at a rapid rate 

Production 

Advantages  

Spend more money on advertising 

Films become cheaper to make as cameras are cheaper and large companies can have more cameras on set capturing the shot from different angles

More money can be spent on technology like 3D and CGI and special effects 

Disadvantages 

More competition as more films can be made for less money as hardware become cheaper

Production companies have to make sure that their content is extremely good to compete with the extra content meaning they have to spend money to keep their films of a higher quality

Case Study 

Ill Manors - without the proliferation of hardware they wouldn't have been able to make the film as their budget was too low but with the proliferation of hardware and the introduction of digital technology they were able to create the film

Skyfall- as cameras were cheaper they were able to have more cameras on set meaning the could capture the action scenes from all different angles making the production value appear higher 

Distribution

Advantages 

Major film companies can afford to spend more money on advertising 

Synergy can be used more effectively

More advanced web interactivity 

More content is produced meaning there is more content to distribute

Disadvantages 

Smaller companies can't afford to make lots of copies of the film because they cannot afford to take the risk of the film no being a success 

Smaller companies may not be able to afford to large fees of the distribution companies 

Case Study 

Disney- conglomerate and can vertically integrate the different aspects as they own companies throughout the process

Ill Manors - struggled to distribute the film as there was a lack of money for the distribution of the film but also because they would have had to try and persuade a company for distribute the film for them. 

Exhibition 

Advantages 

Companies now offer a greater viewing experience to keep customers interested in going to the cinema - D-Box seating and 3D (Cineworlds- Wembley London, O2 London and Glasgow are the main towns featuring D-Box Seating ) 

Disadvantages 

Reduce in customers as there are more ways in which to consume the film 

Piracy is higher because the amount of content that is now available has increased 

Case Study 

Audiences

Advantages 

Films can be consumed on many different technologies such as iPhones and Computers 

Films can be viewed more regularly

Don't have to go to the cinema to view films 

Watch films whenever the person desires  

Watch films on many different devices 

Watch films in other locations not just the cinema 

Disadvantages 

Case Study 

To what extent does digital distribution affect the marketing and consumption of media products in the media area you have studied?

Digital distribution has affected the marketing and consumption of media products in films in many different ways. Each of the institutions involved in the film have been affected by digital distribution. 

Digital Distribution has had a large effect on distribution companies because there is now less of a need of them as films can now be distributed far more easily. Distribution companies have now had to change the way they distribute films because now they can be distributed quickly and easily over high speed internet or through hard drives. This has affected distribution companies because they used to have to deliver the reels of film to each exhibition company however this no longer needs to happen because of the new way in which films can now be distributed meaning that distribution companies have had to change the way in which they work because of the different demands placed on them by the production and exhibition companies.  Digital distribution has made the job of distribution companies change massively because now they have to find ways in which to safely distribute the film without anything bad occurring due to the fact that the film is being shared over high speed internet or on a hard drive that could become corrupted and this means that the companies have had to come up with new way to make the sharing of the film. 

Marketing of films has changed due to digital distribution because distribution companies have had to change the way they market films. They now market films through social media and websites, this allows the distribution companies to keep the audience of the film up to date with what is going on with the film. Marketing through social media means that the distribution company can draw interest to the film from early on in the process. This gives the film more time to gain viewers and people who have a real interest in the film. Ill Manors benefited highly from this way of marketing because it was a low budget film it meant that the company didn't have lots of money to spend on the marketing of the film so being able to use social media such as Twitter and Facebook meant that Ill Manors was able to get some good publicity for the film without having to pay much money towards the marketing process. Another website used to promote Ill Manors was YouTube they used YouTube to promote the film by posting trailer and getting the trailer out there this was good exposure for the film because it allowed the film to be promoted without using any of the films £100,000 budget. 

Digital distribution has change the way in which films are consumed because now films are not only distributed through the cinema they are now distributed through websites such as Netflix and Amazon Prime. This means that distribution companies have had to adapt to the demands placed on them by the chances in the way films are consumed. There are more exhibition companies meaning that the way films are consumed has changed. Films can now be consumed at home through the internet of the TV meaning that distribution companies have got to keep up to date with the changes with the ability to consume films within different environments. 

The changes in the consumption process have had a large effect on the audience of the films. There are now multiple different ways in which to consume a film due to the development of digital distribution. Now film no longer can only be viewed in the cinema they can now be viewed via the internet on sites such as Netflix. This means that the audience no longer have to travel to the cinema to watch film and this also means that experience of consuming a film has become much more personal because the person can watch the film within the comfort of their own home without having to worry about going to the cinema to watch the film. Home consumption of films may benefit certain people because it means they watch the film when they want rather than having to watch it when the cinema says they are going to play it, this new form of consumption will benefit people who work strange hours or who don't have the time or flexibility to view films at specific times and have to view them when they get a chance. 

The changes in marketing have also affected the audience because they can now keep up to date with the information about the film and through the use of social media which is now widely used by many people to keep up to date, by being able to keep up to date with all the information about the film it means that the audience are more likely to want to watch the film as they know so much about it. With the development of smartphones it means that audiences can now keep up to date with the film anywhere and this means that the audience could watch the trailer and video about the film anywhere thanks to the YouTube app which can be downloaded onto most smart phones. This marketing will have benefited Ill Manors because it allowed them to keep the audience for the film up to date with what was going on and allowed new audience member to catch up with what was going on with the film as all the information was already on the social media page. It also was easily accessible to new people learning about the film because social media is something used by many in modern society meaning people are more used to using it. 

Technical Analysis of Hotel Babylon

Scene 1
Analysed using the micro elements.

Camera Work
A reaction shot is used to show that Ben is uncomfortable in the situation through zooming in from the medium close-up which has been used though out the conversation.
Shot-reverse-shot used to show the conversation between both Ben and Tel
180 degrees used to make the conversation appear more natural
A medium shot is used to show Ben's reaction to Tel getting out of the pool and talking to Ben 
Editing
Shot-reverse-shot used to show the conversation between both Ben and Tel
The editing picks up pace as the scene goes on as it begins with a long tracking shot however by the time it reaches the conversation the editing is much more fast paced.

Sound
The use of dialogue allows the audience to see the difference between the character and the language they use
Tel uses words such as 'bruv' and 'ganja'
Ben speaks using the westernised english commonly used on a day to day basis
No Digetic Music
Different Accents


Mise-en-scene (CLiPS) (Costume, Lighting, Props and Setting)

Ben wears typical westernised clothes of a smart suit and has a short hair cut. This is the kind of outfits you would expect to find in a posh hotel in London.
The setting is in a posh hotel around the pool. Not a place where you would expect to see someone like Tel 
Tel has dreadlocks showing that he isn't westernised like Ben 

Scene 2 
Camera work:
- Close-up of the money shows that he is in power as he is paying them
- Man is at a lower angle so in shots he is always looking up at the two women/shows he is being ‘dominated’
- Close-up reaction shot shows him as being excited/also used to shown the reactions of the two women
- Close-up reaction shot of second women to show that she is uncomfortable with the situation

Editing:
- Pace of editing speeds up with the music so the two are matched in pace
- Match on action – when second women leaves all of the shots continue this action

Sound:
- ‘Monsieur’ implies that the women are French
- Music is synchronous and diegetic during the shot of the stereo system
- ‘he pays double for double’ changes the context of the scene and implies the ulterior motive

Mise-en-Scene:
- Costumes
    - First women has ‘sexy’ underwear on showing she was prepared for what     was going to happen whereas the second women is not
- Soft high key lighting to emphasise/sexualise the two women
- Women gets phone out after the other leaves showing that she has contacts/it is not her first time
- Body language
    - Second women appears more timid like she is not comfortable with the situation
- Props
    - Maid trolley conforms to her costume as well as her job role
    - Money is a prop that displays the man’s power/dominance
- Setting is a private room no publicity 

Scene 3 

 Hallway and Kitchen
Camera Work:
- Handheld shot shows the ‘chaos’ of their surroundings
- Shot-reverse-shot is used to show conversation

Editing:
- Fast editing pace
- Synchronous presumably non-diegetic as it sound effect used when the Italian chef picks up knife to emphasise the action

Sound:
- Accent identifies them as British
- The women is in control as she ends the conversation

Mise-en-Scene:
- First two white British characters seen both hold a position of power
- Costumes
    - Man is wearing a smart suit complete with tie clip
    - Women is wearing a smart formal dress

What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institution and audiences?

Plan 

What significance does the continuing development of digital media technology have for media institution and audiences?

Introduction 

Production Companies 
Advantages 
- Makes the production process cheaper as digital hardware now doesn't cost as much (proliferation of hardware)
- Cheaper because there is no need for film to be processed 
- Quicker as the director can view the footage straight away rather than having to wait for the film to be developed. 
- Production costs decreased as digital films are able to be filmed much more efficiently 
- CGI becomes more advanced as technology improves
-More 
Disadvantages 
- More competition as it is now cheaper to by a high quality camera
- Not as good quality as film
Case Studies 
- Ill Manors would not have been made with out digital as the cost of using film would have been too high
as the budget for the film was only £100,000. 
Distribution Companies 
Advantages 
-More ways for the film to be distributed no longer just posters and trailers 
- Films can now be distributed using social media and are free meaning they reduce distribution cost 
- No need for the storage of the film before the film is distributed to the exhibitors as the film can now be distributed using high speed internet or a hard drive meaning that storage space is no longer needed. 
- The process of getting the film around the world is cheaper due to the fact that the film can be shared over high-speed internet 
- Youtube has made it easier for the distribution companies to get the trailers and teaser trailers out there, it is also a better way for them to share interviews and behinds the scenes footage with fans of the films this also gives the film free publicity. 
Disadvantages 
- Less need for distribution companies as films can be shared on a hard drive or on high speed internet
- Higher rate of piracy as films can be illegally download the film and share it on the internet
Case Study 
- Ill Manors was able to distribute the film using very little money as they mainly used social media and websites to promote the film. The promotion of the film was also helped along by the promotion of the album of the same name 
- Cheap distribution fee allowed more money to be spent on the production of the film and meant that more was able to be spent on creating the film 
Exhibition Companies 
Advantages 
- The quality of the film stays the same no matter how many times it is viewed 
-They have improved the experience of watch a film in the cinema due to things like D-Box seating and Imax and 3D viewing of films 
- New exhibition companies like Amazon prime, Netflix and Lovefilm now show high quality films, they tend to get the films quicker than they go to DVD.
Disadvantages 
- FIlms can now be distributed in many different ways not just at the cinema
-
Case Study 

Audiences
Advantages 
- There are more films for the audience to watch as more people are able to produce high quality films
- There are more places to watch films 
Disadvantages 
-
Case Study 

What is the importance of Technological Convergence for Institutions and Audiences?

Technological Convergence is the move towards differing technological systems that evolve towards performing the similar task. This progress makes the technology more complex but then it is able to handle more tasks. For example a current smartphone can be multiple different things because of the different features that it contains. A smartphone can be, a camera, a phone, a text device, a storage device, an Internet device, a video camera, a music player, a GPS device and many more. Technological convergence has lead to one device being able to cater to all your needs.

Technological Convergence has helped production companies in many different ways. One way in which technological convergence has helped production companies is through the production of digital cameras which are cheaper to buy compared to the traditional recording camera that used film. A digital camera currently costs around £10,000 compared to a traditional camera that costs around £50,000. This price difference means a lot to production companies because by using a digital camera it saves them time and money. It saves them time because the footage can be viewed instantly rather than having to wait for the footage to be processed before it can be viewed, this makes the production. The cheaper the digital camera the better it is for the production company as it saves them money meaning that their budget can be spent on other things. Ill Manors was shot digital which was a good thing for the film as it meant that Ben Drew saved the money that would have been spent of making the film on 35mm film. The use of digital cameras benefits the independent area of the production market as it allows them to stick to the very small budget that they have for the film. If digital didn't exist then independent film companies wouldn't exist as they would not be able to afford the processing of the film. 

Technological Convergence has affected the distribution companies because there are now multiple different ways that the film has to be marketed. The internet is now the most common place to advertise films. This is very beneficial for small independent film such as Ill manors because they can use sites such as Facebook, Twitter and Youtube to market their films, these sites are free and people can access them on tablets, smartphones and on computers. This means that people can access the information about the film both at home and on the go. Technological convergence as also benefited the largest production companies because they can now create a bigger buzz about the film they are releasing. For example when Sony began to distribute Skyfall they created a large buzz about the film on the internet through fan pages and websites, this gave fans somewhere to find out information.

Technology convergence also effected the exhibition companies because their are now so many different ways in which films can be viewed, at the cinema, through the internet on laptops, tablets and smartphones ,through VoD, on Tv, through DVD and Blu-ray and though games consoles. This means that exhibitors that are having to come up with different ways to make the cinema experience better. With the recent introduction of D Box chairs which move along with the film and make the film experience more special because without it people will end up just watching the film at home with their surround sound and 3D TV. 

Technological Convergence benefits the audience the most because with the development of smartphone and tablets it means that the audience can watch the film anywhere they want, when ever they want. With the development of smartphones that are constantly connected to the internet it means that the audience can be constantly connected with the film as they are always able to access the Twitter page or the Facebook Page and are always able to find out more information about the film. This means that the distribution companies have to be constantly updating the pages so that the audience can always know something new about the film. This benefited both Skyfall and Ill Manors because it means that people were constantly talking about the film and people were always learning new things about the film. Ill Manors used social media to create a buzz about the film because they didn't have a large marketing budget with which to create a Buzz about the film it all came from social media.